This page was created as an addition to my Hubble Research page where I sent an amateur proposal to use the Hubble Space Telescope to research Saturn's amazing moon Titan!
Saturn and its majestic beauty, its rings have always had me captivated until Voyager 1 reached the Saturn system in 1981 and would drastically change my life in 1990 when I applied to search Titan's ultraviolet spectra. When I was lecturing I made the comparison chart and now with the Cassini mission still probing the Saturn system including Titan this page has been having more activity.
Titan's similarities to Earth (past and present) are mind boggling and with the Huygen's probe that Cassini deployed into Titan it opened up more questions along with the ongoing observations. Personally I think its more exciting than Mars. Mars's proximity is its sole advantage but NASA and the other agencies need to invest more with Titan and other vital moons of the Saturn and Jupiter systems.


Just the tabular data: Click here for just tabular data (for printing, copy/paste)
Interview of my research and some other amateurs on motherboard.vice.com (April 24, 2015)


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NASA and ESA Celebrate 10 Years Since Titan Landing Jan 14, 2015

Latest Cassini photos of Titan (processed not raw)
LATEST NEWS: Top 10 Discoveries of Titan (ESA) | North Pole is loaded with lakes | Titan --Does it Hold Clues to the Origin of Life in the Solar System? | All About Space Issue 13 features Titan | Titan featured on Pennyfornasa website |
Titan's Methane World -- Not Built to Last? | Titan's Methane: Going, Going, Soon to Be Gone? | Follow news about Titan on Facebook

Assorted images of Titan

Table of Planetary Atmospheres


Titan(moon of Saturn) and Earth Comparison and References

Titan

Earth

Diameter (km)

5,150 (with it's clouds)

12,756

Radius (km)

2,575

6,378

Mass (kg)

1.36 x 1023

5.972 x 1024

Mean Density (gm/cm3)

1.881

 

5.518

 

Rotation Period days:hours:minutes:seconds

15:23:15:31.5

 

00:23:56:45

 

Sideral (Rotation) Period (days)

15.945

365

Mean Distance Orbiting Sun

1,427,163,966 km

149,597,900 km

Astronomical Units (AU) from Sun
(1 AU = 149,597,900 km)

~9.538

 

1.0

 

Atmospheric Surface Pressure

1.5 bars

1.0 bars

Albedo

0.21

0.39

Escape Velocity

2.64 km/sec

11.18 km/sec

Surface Temperature

85-95  Kelvin	
-168   Centigrade
-292   Farenheight	

temperature comparison

288-290  Kelvin	
17       Centigrade
62.6     Farenheight	

 


Major Constituents
measured in percentage ( % )
N2 (Nitrogen)  82-99 %
CH4 (Methane)  1-6 
22Ne (Neon)   Primordial  ???  % 
*40Ar (Argon) Radiogenic  ???  % 
*36Ar (Argon) Primordial    < 1-6 % 
* 
isotope of Argon deduced indirectly
click here for more on Argon on page 206 | 40 Argon | Argon (physicsforme)
There is a theoretical expectation that argon is present in the atmosphere, but there has
been no direct detection of this atom. However, because it is difficult to detect, argon might
still be present in significant amounts (i.e. mole fractions of <10%).

 

N2  (Nitrogen) 76%
O2 (Oxygen)  20.9 %  
Ar (Argon)  .934%   
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) .031 %
H2O (Water)  1.0 %         

Minor Constituents
measured in ppm (parts per million)
H2 (Hydrogen)  2,000ppm 
CO (Carbon Monoxide)    50 ppm 
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide)   0.01 ppm 

Hydrocarbons
C2H2  (Acetylene)   4 ppm  
C2H4 (Ethylene)   1   ppm 
C2H6 (Ethane)    20 ppm 
C4H2  (Diacetylene)   0.02 ppm 
C3H4 (Methylacetlyene)  0.03 ppm 
C3H6 (Propene)   ???? ppm 
C6H6 (Benzene)   ???? ppm 
C3H8 (Propane)    1.0 ppm 

Nitriles
HCN (Hydrogen Cyanide)   1.0 ppm 
HC3N (Cyanoacetylene)  0.003 ppm 
C2N2 (Cyanogen)  0.02 ppm 
C4N2  (Dicyanoacetylene)   condensed  


H20 ( Water )   4 ppb (not ppm) 

 

H2  (Hydrogen)  0.5 ppm 
CO (Carbon Monoxide)    
Ne (Neon)  18.18 ppm 
CH4 (Methane)  1.5 ppm 
O3 (Ozone)
N2O (Nitrous Oxide)
H2O ( Water Vapor) 10-50,000 ppm 
He (Helium) 5.24 ppm 
Xe (Xenon)
Kr (Krypton) 1.14 ppm 
NO2  (Nitrogen Dioxide)
 

Other interesting characteristics:

  • Titan's atmosphere was first detected spectroscopically in 1944 by the Dutch American astronomer Gerard P. Kuiper , who found evidence of the absorption of sunlight by methane.
  • One Titan year is equal to 30 Earth Years
  • Titan's current chemistry is believed to resemble how Earth's pre-biological chemistry was. Earth has the advantage of our Sun unlike Titan. Yet Titan's chemistry and atmosphere is more diverse and mysterious even with the Cassini mission and the Huygen's probe which landed on Titan in 2005
  • Titan has seasons too The Titanian Seasons Turn, Turn, Turn (JPL)
  • Both Titan and Earth have a greenhouse effect
  • Titan also has continents and oceans as determined through radar, confirmed from Cassini & Huygen's probe
  • Also liquid hydrocarbon lakes, cryovolcanoes
  • Methane exists in its triple point much like our water in solid, liquid and gas states image
  • Second largest moon in our Solar System (Jupiter's Ganymede is the largest)
  • Additional facts

     

  • Reference websites

    NASA: SSE Home Planets > Saturn > Moons > Titan > Overview

    Wikipedia: Titan
    Titan Exobiology
    European Space Agency page on Cassini mission
    NASA JPL page on Cassini








    Comparison to other moons










    Titan's North Polar Hood taken by Voyager 1



    From Huygen's descent and landing onto Titans surface




    The video that changed my life mesmerizing me to research Titan


    This is the video about Voyager's 1 results of Saturn highlighting Titan that changed my life!!! Toby Owen who was my inspiration who I communicated with and met at JPL talks about Hydrogen Cyanide in this video.
    ( at the 3 minute 27 second mark )





    Radioisotopes: Energy for Space Exploration

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